๐ Technical SOP — Cloud Security Program (IAM → Zero Trust)
Version: 1.0
Owner: Cloud Security Office
Author: Raju Ambhore — Senior IT Project Manager | Cloud & Security Transformation Leader
Approved By: CISO / Head of Cloud
Effective Date: 2025-11-27
Review Frequency: Annually
1. Purpose
This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) defines the end-to-end implementation, operational governance, and continuous assurance workflow for establishing an enterprise Cloud Security Program across AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
The SOP ensures that all cloud environments adopt Zero Trust, enforce least privilege access, and implement CSPM/CIEM-driven continuous compliance.
2. Scope
✔ All cloud accounts, subscriptions, projects
✔ AWS, Azure, GCP
✔ Internal employees, contractors, partners, and service accounts
✔ All production, non-production, DR, and sandbox environments
✔ IAM, identity federation, data security, network security, monitoring, DevSecOps, logging
3. Roles & Responsibilities
3.1 Cloud Security Team
Define enterprise cloud security baselines
Own CSPM, CIEM, Zero Trust policy and controls
Review violations and approve remediations
Enforce MFA, SSO, identity federation
3.2 Cloud Engineering
Implement security controls across environments
Ensure infrastructure meets baseline (Terraform/ARM/Cloud Deployment Manager)
Support continuous monitoring
3.3 DevOps / App Teams
Secure-by-design workload deployment
Apply pipeline security (SAST/DAST/SCA)
Manage secrets via vaulting
3.4 Identity & Access Management (IAM) Team
Centralize authentication and authorization
Govern role lifecycle: creation, review, removal
Maintain identity federation (Azure AD / Okta)
3.5 Compliance & Audit
Conduct periodic evaluations
Provide regulatory compliance reporting (ISO, SOC2, GDPR, RBI, HIPAA)
4. Definitions
CSPM – Cloud Security Posture Management
CIEM – Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management
ZTA – Zero Trust Architecture
MFA – Multi-Factor Authentication
SAML/OIDC – Authentication federation standards
5. Procedure
5.1 Identity & Access Management (IAM) – Foundation Layer
5.1.1 Create Central Identity Source
Azure AD / Entra ID designated as the primary identity provider.
5.1.2 Enforce Identity Federation
AWS SSO → Azure AD
GCP Workforce Identity Federation → Azure AD
All console logins → SSO only
5.1.3 Mandatory Authentication Controls
5.1.4 Role-Based Access Control
No standing admin privileges
Use Just-In-Time (JIT) elevation via PIM
Break-glass accounts stored in secure vault
5.2 Zero Trust Implementation
5.2.1 Core Principles
Verify explicitly
Least privilege always
Assume breach
5.2.2 Architecture Controls
✔ Micro-segmentation
✔ Identity-aware proxies
✔ Private service endpoints
✔ Continuous real-time access verification
✔ Network trust removed
5.3 Cloud Security Baseline (AWS/Azure/GCP)
5.3.1 AWS Controls
IAM Access Analyzer
GuardDuty mandatory
CloudTrail enabled across all regions
S3 encryption AES-256 & KMS mandatory
Root account MFA, no access keys
5.3.2 Azure Controls
Defender for Cloud → On
Azure Policy → Enforce zero-trust baseline
Storage encryption enabled
Network Watcher enabled
5.3.3 GCP Controls
Security Command Center Premium mandatory
Cloud Audit Logs (Admin + Data Access)
Organizational policies enforced
5.4 Network Security Controls
5.4.1 Cloud-Native Firewalling
AWS Security Groups
Azure NSG/ASG
GCP VPC Firewall Rules
5.4.2 Zero Trust Network Access
No public IP unless approved
Private Link, VPC Peering, ExpressRoute/DirectConnect
TLS 1.2+ mandatory
5.5 Data Security & Encryption
5.5.1 Encryption Standards
Data at rest → Cloud KMS
Data in transit → TLS 1.2/1.3
Backups encrypted
5.5.2 Data Discovery & Classification
Azure Purview / Google DLP / Amazon Macie
Tagging: sensitivity=low|medium|high
5.6 Monitoring, Logging & Threat Detection
Mandatory Platforms
Alerting Rules
High-risk IAM events
Public exposure of storage
Unusual login / impossible travel
Privilege escalation attempts
5.7 DevSecOps & CI/CD Security
Pipeline Standards
Secure IaC (Terraform, ARM, CloudFormation)
IaC scanning: Checkov / tfsec
Secrets → KeyVault / AWS Secrets Manager / GCP Secret Manager
SAST/DAST/SCA mandatory
5.8 Compliance & Continuous Assurance
5.8.1 CSPM / CIEM
Weekly drift detection
Auto-remediation where possible
Monthly posture report to CISO
5.8.2 Quarterly Controls Review
IAM role review
Key rotation verification
Policy gap analysis
5.9 Incident Response Workflow
Steps
Event detection (SIEM/CSPM)
Triage severity
Contain (Revoke access / isolate resource)
Forensic collection
Root cause analysis
Reporting to leadership
Preventive control implementation
6. Documentation & Evidence
Security baseline templates
Access review logs
CSPM monthly reports
Incident reports
Change management tickets
7. KPIs & Metrics
8. References
NIST 800-207 Zero Trust Architecture
CSA Cloud Controls Matrix
Gartner IAM & Zero Trust Reports
AWS/Azure/GCP Security Benchmarks (CIS)
9. Revision History
#CloudSecurity #ZeroTrust #IAM #IdentitySecurity #AccessManagement #CSPM #CIEM #MultiCloudSecurity #SecurityArchitecture #CloudGovernance #DevSecOps #CloudCompliance #RiskManagement #CyberSecurityStrategy #EnterpriseSecurity
https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vTDd7yB7jLp3x7Xj1bOnxdtZRBEidXtB-bWyJR3hggVaogJjxGwS5EaqLcTRH275l4ZlHwljGiA4OmV/pub
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